2021-06-09 15:29:48
zhaoyu
488
摘要：無功(gong)補償對電網的安全、經濟運(yun)行有重要作用(yong)。配電網規模巨大(da)，負荷情況(kuang)復雜(za)，使用(yong)環境條件惡(e)劣，采用(yong)AZC低壓(ya)無智能電力(li)電容器進(jin)行無功(gong)補償意(yi)義(yi)重大(da)。
關鍵詞：低壓智能電力電容器，無功補償，功率因數
1：概述
隨著(zhu)我國經濟的(de)發展和人民(min)生活水(shui)平的(de)提高(gao)，一些新型家(jia)用(yong)(yong)電器(qi)如洗(xi)碗(wan)機(ji)、烤(kao)箱(xiang)等(deng)產品(pin)正逐步走進家(jia)庭中(zhong)，加(jia)上原有(you)的(de)高(gao)耗能家(jia)用(yong)(yong)冰箱(xiang)、滾筒洗(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)、空調等(deng)產品(pin)，使得居(ju)民(min)生活用(yong)(yong)電量大(da)幅度上升(sheng)。尤其是夏季、冬季用(yong)(yong)電高(gao)峰期，居(ju)民(min)用(yong)(yong)戶感性負載急劇上升(sheng)，所需要的(de)無功電流也(ye)大(da)量增長(chang)。
無(wu)功補(bu)償(chang)技術的主要原理(li)是：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)元(yuan)件中作功時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)滯(zhi)后于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓90°；而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容元(yuan)件中作功時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)超前于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓90°。在(zai)同一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)方向相反(fan)，互差(cha)180°。無(wu)功補(bu)償(chang)裝置就是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)向能相互抵消的原理(li)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓矢(shi)量之間的夾角縮小，以減少(shao)無(wu)功功率(lv)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的流(liu)(liu)(liu)動，進而提高(gao)功率(lv)因數(shu)，減少(shao)線路損耗，節省用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)。
2：案例分析
揚州(zhou)某(mou)小區(qu)總建(jian)筑面(mian)積約(yue)為(wei)(wei)51733.17平方米(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)上建(jian)筑面(mian)積35347.17平方米(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)建(jian)筑面(mian)積16386平米(mi)(mi)，新(xin)建(jian)住宅樓8棟(dong)(dong)，居民360戶，其中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)3棟(dong)(dong)（3棟(dong)(dong)18層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)）、多層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)5棟(dong)(dong)（1棟(dong)(dong)6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，4棟(dong)(dong)8層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)）、物業社區(qu)1棟(dong)(dong)（1棟(dong)(dong)1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)），公(gong)建(jian)為(wei)(wei)社區(qu)服務、電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)車庫等(deng)。新(xin)建(jian)配電(dian)(dian)房2套變壓(ya)器容量(liang)為(wei)(wei)800KVA，主要負載為(wei)(wei)居民用電(dian)(dian)、生活泵房、主供地(di)(di)庫照(zhao)明(ming)、公(gong)共用電(dian)(dian)雙電(dian)(dian)源，消防(fang)動力等(deng)。空調設(she)備功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)0.8，冰箱功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)0.6，電(dian)(dian)視機功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)0.8，照(zhao)明(ming)用電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)0.98，電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)0.8。現將功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)提高(gao)(gao)到(dao)0.95，一(yi)般(ban)選(xuan)擇變壓(ya)器30%～40%的(de)無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)償容量(liang)。
2：解決方案
根據(ju)圖(tu)紙建(jian)議選(xuan)擇AZC低壓智能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)，補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)無功從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)功率(lv)因數(shu)。居民區單相負載(zai)較多，按容(rong)(rong)量(liang)40%配(pei)置90kvar分補(bu)(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)與(yu)150kvar共補(bu)(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)配(pei)套(tao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，分補(bu)(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)選(xuan)擇15kvar*6的方案(an)，共補(bu)(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)選(xuan)擇25kvar*6的方案(an)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式為階梯(ti)式補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)，容(rong)(rong)量(liang)越(yue)小(xiao)步進越(yue)小(xiao)，補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)效果更*，該案(an)例由(you)于使(shi)用(yong)(yong)AZC智能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)方案(an)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)柜(ju)內(nei)空間充足(zu)，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)多路(lu)(lu)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，柜(ju)體(ti)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)為寬800*深800*高(gao)(gao)2200。而(er)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)常規普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)該方案(an)12路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)柜(ju)體(ti)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)為寬1200*深1000*高(gao)(gao)2200。選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)AZC智能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，操作(zuo)接線方便(bian)，節(jie)省空間，維護方便(bian)，能合理(li)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)功率(lv)因數(shu)。
3：AZC低壓智能電力電容器
3.1 概述
AZC系列智能電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)是應(ying)用于0.4kV、50Hz低壓配電(dian)(dian)中用于節省(sheng)能源、降低線損、提高功(gong)(gong)率因數和(he)電(dian)(dian)能質量的(de)新一(yi)代無功(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)設備。它由(you)智能測控單(dan)元，晶閘管復合(he)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，線路(lu)保護單(dan)元，兩臺(tai)共補(bu)或一(yi)臺(tai)分補(bu)低壓電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)構成。可(ke)替代常規由(you)熔絲、 復合(he)開關(guan)或機(ji)械式接觸器(qi)、熱(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)、低壓電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、指示(shi)燈等散件在(zai)柜內和(he)柜面由(you)導(dao)線連接而組成的(de)自動無功(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)裝置。具有體積更小，功(gong)(gong)耗更低，維護方便(bian)，使用壽命長，可(ke)靠性高的(de)特點(dian)，適應(ying)現代電(dian)(dian)網(wang)對(dui)無功(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)的(de)更高要(yao)求。
3.2 技術參數
3.3 接線方式
4結束語
AZC低(di)壓(ya)智能(neng)電(dian)力電(dian)容采用模塊式結構，更(geng)能(neng)適應當前(qian)小區無功(gong)損(sun)耗日(ri)益增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)情況(kuang)，既可以(yi)節(jie)省投資消(xiao)耗，節(jie)約電(dian)力電(dian)能(neng)，還能(neng)合理提(ti)升電(dian)力系統設備的(de)供電(dian)能(neng)力，從而減少居民(min)用電(dian)開(kai)支消(xiao)費，更(geng)加(jia)經濟實用。針對居民(min)區三相(xiang)不(bu)平衡的(de)情況(kuang)，需要配置分相(xiang)補(bu)償來提(ti)高功(gong)率因數(shu)，從而*化電(dian)能(neng)質量。
5 參考文獻
[1] 企業微電網(wang)設(she)計與應用手冊.2020.6
[2] 石(shi)成柱(zhu)，井組平臺無功動態補償技術的研(yan)究[D].中國石(shi)油(you)大學，2010（05）.
[3] 劉(liu)曉東(dong)，井組淺(qian)析電(dian)力系統(tong)無功功率補(bu)償技(ji)術[J].科技(ji)致富向導，2012（11）.
[4] 楊曉(xiao)松，動態無功(gong)補償在(zai)油田變電站(zhan)的應用研(yan)究(jiu)[D].山東大學，2011（10）.
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